| Description |

| Operation Principle |


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(1) Low Speed / Low Load |
(2) Part Load |
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(3) Low Speed / High Load |
(4) High Speed / High Load |
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Driving Condition |
Exhaust Valve |
Intake Valve |
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Valve Timing |
Effect |
Valve Timing |
Effect |
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(1) Low Speed /Low Load |
Completely Advance |
* Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
Completely Retard |
* Valve Under-lap * Improvement of combustion stability |
|
(2) Part Load |
Retard |
* Increase of expansion work * Reduction of pumping loss * Reduction of HC |
Retard |
* Reduction of pumping loss |
|
(3) Low Speed /High Load |
Retard |
* Increase of expansion work |
Advance |
* Prevention of intake back flow (Improvement of volumetric efficiency) |
|
(4) High Speed /High Load |
Advance |
* Reduction of pumping loss |
Retard |
* Improvement of volumetric efficiency |
Description The catalytic converter of the gasoline engine is a three way catalyst. It oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons (HC), and separates oxygen from the oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Oil Specification 1. The HFC-134a system requires synthetic (PAG) compressor oil whereas the R-12 system requires mineral compressor oil. The two oils must never be mixed. 2. Compressor (PAG) oil varies according to compressor model.
Replacement 1. Disconnect the negative (-) battery terminal. 2. Recover the refrigerant with a recovery / recycling / charging station. 3. When the engine is cool, drain the engine coolant from the radiator.